Volume 20 Issue 11 2025

A web-based program called the Registration and Evaluation Management System (REMS) was developed for CIT Educational Development System Inc. Based on the gathered data, the management handled 200 to 400 students in weekly training sessions, which led to challenges in managing students and affected their manual strategy for recording student information, performance, and payments. This often resulted in misplaced records and a lack of transparency in evaluating student performance and payments. The study focused on automating a variety of tasks carried out by the CIT Director, teachers, staff members, and students. The components of REMS include Teacher Evaluation, Admin Reports, and Online or On-Site Student Registration. The portal allows students to select courses, determine their schedules, and upload payment receipts through several payment centers, such as MLhuillier and Palawan Express. Teachers, on the other hand, may use the system to assess students' outputs for various course sessions by providing grades and comments for evaluation. The system can also generate various reports, including the list of students by session, payments made, and TESDA voucher qualification. Through ViaNet, an Application Programming Intelligence (API), the system is able to produce and deliver SMS notifications regarding a student’s registration status. The project aligns with Sustainable Development Goals with the following SDG’s The selected Sustainable Development Goals include SDG 5: Gender Equality, SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals. Based on the SUS results from alpha and beta testing, the system achieved good performance with an average score of over 80%. The system that was implemented in the company ensured that every field was checked and validated to avoid invalid entries and errors. It also contributed to the training centers by assisting in student registration, session evaluation, student performance monitoring, and file management procedures.

Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) is an object-oriented software framework created to simulate complex earthquake engineering problems. It allows users to analyze and model the effects of seismic activity on structures, such as buildings, bridges, and dams including dynamic and static loading, nonlinear and multiaxial loading, and spatio-temporal loading. The framework is open-source and is continuously updated to meet the latest engineering standards. Unlike other software packages, OpenSees provides users with the flexibility to customize their simulations to fit their specific needs. For example, it can be used to analyze different design alternatives or to simulate different materials and their properties. It also supports a variety of output formats, allowing users to visualize their data and generate reports. Additionally, OpenSees has powerful solvers that can run on distributed hardware systems, allowing users to analyze large-scale problems. All in all, OpenSees is a powerful and efficient tool for simulating earthquake engineering related problems. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers looking to understand and mitigate the effects of seismic events. Moreover, OpenSees is interoperable, meaning it can be used in conjunction with other software packages to benefit from their functions. Overall, OpenSees is a powerful tool that enables users to conduct sophisticated earthquake engineering simulations with ease.

Rapid advances in materials science, biotechnology, digital technologies and process engineering are driving a paradigm shift in food processing and preservation, moving the sector away from energy-intensive, ‘‘one-size-fits-all’’ approaches toward precision, sustainable and consumer-centric solutions. This review synthesizes current and emerging technologies that together define the future landscape of food processing and preservation. Non-thermal and minimal-thermal technologies — including high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), cold plasma, ultraviolet and pulsed light, ohmic and microwave heating, and ultrasound — enable microbial inactivation and enzyme control while preserving sensory and nutritional quality. Concurrently, novel preservation strategies such as edible coatings, active and intelligent packaging, antimicrobial biopolymers, controlled and modified atmosphere systems, and natural antimicrobials (plant extracts, bacteriocins) offer targeted shelf-life extension with reduced reliance on synthetic additives. At the molecular and product-design levels, advances in synthetic biology, precision fermentation, enzyme engineering and microencapsulation are enabling tailored functional ingredients, targeted release systems and enhanced nutrient stability. Nanotechnology and smart packaging integrate nanoscale sensors and controlled-release carriers to actively monitor and respond to product quality changes. Digitalization — encompassing Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, blockchain for traceability, machine learning for process optimization and predictive shelf-life modelling — permits real-time quality control, waste reduction and supply-chain transparency. Concurrently, additive manufacturing (3D food printing) and modular micro-processing units support mass customization, on-demand manufacturing and localized production that can reduce distribution emissions. Sustainability, circular economy principles and regulatory considerations are central to technology adoption. Life-cycle impacts, energy efficiency, food safety validation, consumer acceptance and equitable access are examined as critical enablers and constraints. The review highlights integrated, hybrid approaches (combining physical, biological and digital methods) as the most promising pathway to reconcile quality, safety and sustainability goals. Keyresearch gaps include standardized metrics for techno-economic and environmental assessment, long-term safety evaluation of novel materials and nanoparticles, and regulatory frameworks for biologically derived preservatives and precision-manufactured foods. The review concludes with a roadmap for translational research, interdisciplinary collaboration and policy actions required to accelerate responsible deployment of next-generation food processing and preservation technologies.

We test various Ensemble of Regression Trees (ERT) models for fish shape alignment. Fish shape is represented as a number of landmarks at various body parts. From the position of these landmarks malformations can be detected, species variation can be discriminated, fish dimension can be estimated, etc. The popular facial shape alignment method ERT has been adapted for fish shape with hardware acceleration. ERT models with 4 or 26 landmarks have been trained with photographs from 2 datasets with underwater fish photographs. The models differ in their ERT parameters (cascades and trees). The normalized errors from each model and their training errors are presented. The average normalized error for 26 landmarks, ranges between 0.36% (1500 trees/stage) and 0.76% (250 trees/stage and tree depth=6). This error ranges between 1.39% (40 splits) and 1.59% (default ERT model) when 4 landmarks are used. Worst error is achieved when 4 landmarks are used although training was performed in a controlled environment with minimal variations in the background. This is due to the fact that the landmarks at the caudal fin and the upper and lower parts of the body cannot be accurately annotated. Thus, 3 of the 4 landmarks could not be placed accurately during the annotation of the training photographs

The behaviour of Ionosphere over desert region in long-term scale, however, has not been well recognized by the Ionosphere research community. This study demonstrates the significant climatological variation of the ionosphere over the great Thar desert for the first time, using five years of ionospheric data for the period 2020-2024, retrieved from the COSMIC-RO satellite. In addition to demonstrating insightful information on long-term electron concentration (Ne) in the Ionospheric E layer, this study primarily focuses on longterm variability of important ionospheric parameters such as NmF2, HmF2, and IECs. Both, NmF2 and IECs exhibit semi-annual variation with twin-peaks during the summer and spring season, whereas HmF2 shows annual variation with an annual peak during post-summer and an annual dip during the winter. The findings decisively demonstrate the significance of integrating multiple ionospheric parameters in studying a desert region where not a single long term ionospheric study conducted before using LEO satellite information. This research sets a strong foundation as background knowledge for future investigations in quantifying disturbance levels and the potential for communication interruptions in satellite broadcasting, improving navigational services during various geophysical phenomena.

In supply chains, the logistics and distribution process is crucial, especially in assessing environmental impacts such as the carbon footprint. Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzes the carbon footprint of the distribution of Costeño cheese from the Colombian Caribbean region, using the QGIS Online Routing Mapper plugin and the "Here Routing API" online server. Geospatial tools were used to visualize optimal distribution routes, and a calculation methodology was developed based on distance, vehicle type, and fuel. The results highlight notable disparities between departments, identifying the department of La Guajira between Magdalena and Córdoba as the largest emitter, and certain municipalities within it—such as Uribia, Manaure, and Dibulla—as significant contributors to the total carbon footprint, given the great distances required to reach the destination market. It concludes by highlighting the need to address sustainability in transport and proposes the creation and formalization of associations of artisanal cheese producers and the establishment of collection centers, which allow the production to be aggregated in a centralized manner, facilitating the availability of products in the supply chain as a key strategy to reduce carbon emissions per producer and improve efficiency in the distribution of Queso Costeño del Caribe Colombiano.

At present, the increasing penetration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has transformed the dynamics of women's empowerment across rural and urban settings. Thus, the study aims to explore the role of ICT Access, Digital Skills, and ICT Usage in influencing women's empowerment, with a particular focus on the rural-urban divide in the Jangalmahal region. The study used stratified random sampling technique for sample selection and applied survey method to collect 385 respondent’s data. Empowerment index was developed using PCA method while considering all the six dimensions of the empowerment variables. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, multiple regression models, and moderation analysis were employed to analyze the data using Python software. The results showcase that ICT Access, Digital Skills, and ICT Usage have a significant positive impact on women empowerment. However, there is no statistical significant difference observed in overall empowerment between rural and urban women. The regression outcome indicated that Digital Skills and ICT Usage were more critical in rural areas, whereas ICT Access played a stronger role in urban areas. Moderation analysis confirmed that Area Type significantly influences the strength of the relations between ICT variables and empowerment outcomes. From the analysis, it can be said that there is need for tailored strategies to foster digital inclusion. In the rural context, infrastructural provisions must be complemented by skill-building initiatives. The study provides several theoretical and practical implications such as the study advances theoretical understanding of ICT-enabled empowerment and provides recommendations for policymakers aiming to bridge the gendered digital divide and promote inclusive development.

The impact of different substrates, both individually and in combination, on mushroom cultivation was examined. The type of substrate influenced the duration of mycelial growth. It was found that excessive nitrogen levels hindered fungal development, whereas an optimal carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 1:2 promoted better growth. Likewise, because of the higher cellulase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus, paddy straw produced a greater yield of sporophores compared to wheat straw, suggesting that an increased nitrogen content in the substrate adversely affects sporophore yield.

Brain tumors represent a unique challenge in cancer immunotherapy due to their distinct biological and anatomical environment. They exist within a highly immunosuppressive niche, are shielded by The proposed BBB, or blood-brain barrier, and lack conventional lymphatic drainage, all of which restrict immune cell infiltration and surveillance. These factors collectively create a protective sanctuary for tumor cells, allowing them to evade immune detection and resist systemic therapies. The release of tumor-specific cytotoxicity by Immunotherapy, also for cancer is a promising cancer treatment strategy that may be able to eradicate brain tumor cells without endangering the normal brain. Primary and metastatic brain tumors continue to be among the most difficult cancers to treat because of their intricate biology, distinct tumor microenvironment, and the blood-brain barrier's (BBB) protective function. Using the body's immune system to combat malignant cancers has shown promise in the relatively new and rapidly developing field of immunotherapy. This chapter examines the principles, mechanisms, and applications of immunotherapy in the treatment of brain cancers in order to shed light on the treatment's transformative potential. The chapter begins with an overview of the immunological landscape of brain tumors, with an emphasis on the interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment. It discusses the challenges posed by the central nervous system's (CNS) immune-privileged status and how brain cancers employ techniques to evade immune surveillance. The article also examines how novel technologies, such as adoptive cell transfer and bispecific antibodies, may aid in the fight against drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of treatment. It talks about how brain cancers use strategies to avoid immune monitoring and the difficulties presented by the central nervous system's (CNS) immune-privileged status. Additionally, the article looks at how new technologies like adoptive cell transfer and bispecific antibodies might help overcome drug resistance and improve treatment effectiveness.

This study investigates the extraction, emulsification, and characterization of bioactive compounds from Anethum graveolens (dill leaves) with a focus on applications in the food industry. Essential oils were obtained via steam distillation, while oleoresins were extracted using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol and acetone as solvents. Gas chromatographic analyses revealed carvone (63.95%) and limonene (22.32%) as the major volatile constituents, both recognized for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Formulations of water- and oil-soluble emulsions with mono propylene glycol, glycerol monooleate, and maltodextrin enhanced dispersibility, solubility, and stability of the bio actives. Application in cereal-based products enriched with oats and banana resulted in increased dietary fiber and beneficial lipid content, and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (>75% DPPH radical scavenging). Sensory evaluation indicated high consumer acceptance, and microbiological assays confirmed product safety for at least 30 days of ambient storage. These findings support the potential of A. graveolens–derived ingredients as multifunctional, natural components for clean-label food product development.

This multiple regression analysis research pursued to examine if online learning engagement, teacher-student relationship, teacher’s facilitation skills, self-regulated learning, digital literacy, and conceptual understanding in ICT policies and issues and delivering technology-enhanced lessons predict the academic performance of the students in Technology for Teaching and Learning. This was quantitative research which specifically used descriptive-correlational design. Descriptive analysis of the data was done with the frequency and percentage distribution, weighted arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The study involved a total of 227 students from the BEEd, BPEd, BSEd English and Mathematics. The questionnaire-checklist was adapted: the online learning engagement from M. Dixson [15]; teacher-student relationship from Wanders et al. [16]; teachers’ facilitation skills from Zimmerman and Kulokowich [17]; self-regulated learning from Lan, Barnard, Stevens & Mullen [18] and Bernard, Paton & Lan [19]; and the digital literacy scale from Mutlu et al [20]. The student-participants have very high level of online learning engagement and teacher-student relationship; high level of self-regulated learning and digital literacy skills. The students disclosed that their teachers had very good facilitation skills. The teachers’ facilitation skills, self-regulated learning and the and students’digital learning skills were the found to predict the students’ performance in Technology for Teaching and Learning.

This qualitative study analyzed the life circumstances represented in Colleen Hoover’s novel It Ends with Us, to understand how literature reflects personal, familial, and social struggles. Anchored on Stephen Greenblatt’s New Historicism and Roland Barthes’ Reader-Response Theory, the study examined character development, thematic elements, symbolism, and the life values conveyed in the text. Findings revealed that the main characters navigate complex emotional challenges shaped by trauma, abandonment, and the struggle for healing. Lily Bloom’s journey reflects the effort to break the cycle of abuse; Ryle Kincaid represents the consequences of unresolved trauma; and Atlas Corrigan embodies resilience and the pursuit of emotional safety. The major themes identified include breaking the cycle of abuse, healing and forgiveness, emotional strength, and the long-term effects of trauma. Symbolic elements such as the flower shop, Lily’s name, the journal letters, and the phrase “It ends with us” highlight growth, self-renewal, emotional processing, and generational change. The life values emphasized include courage, selfrespect, empathy, responsibility for breaking harmful cycles, and the slow and painful process of healing. Overall, the study underscores the emotional and social relevance of the novel, particularly its contribution to raising awareness about domestic violence and the psychological complexity of abusive relationships.

Diasporas are a common element of political life almost all over the world. Nowadays, the role and activity of diasporas in international cooperation have increased significantly. It is difficult to imagine the history of the Armenian people without of its diaspora, which today makes up almost two-thirds of its total number. In the Russia is the largest and relatively early formed Armenian diaspora in the world. The article analyzes the stages of the formation of Armenian diaspora in Russia and level of its integration to the society using factual material and based on the analysis of the results of the sociological study of Armenians in the Moscow, Krasnodar and Stavropol regions of Russia. Specially for this porpoise the methodological strategy of applied sociological survey and the tools for studying the current Armenian diaspora’s socio-economic integration into the Russian society have been created.

This study conducts a thorough and multifaceted analysis of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban conglomerates of Aba and Umuahia, two prominent metropolitan areas in Abia State, Nigeria, both undergoing significant industrial and economic growth. Leveraging on advanced artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic framework, rainwater samples were meticulously collected from strategically located rain gauge stations, positioned at an optimal elevation of three meters over a carefully designed ten-week sampling period. These rainwater samples were employed to accurately quantify particulate matter concentrations, enabling the assessment of spatial and temporal variations, along with the broader atmospheric deposition dynamics. Results revealed considerable disparities in particulate concentrations, with Aba displaying significantly higher levels than Umuahia, likely attributable to heightened anthropogenic sources such as industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and urban activities. The mean particulate concentrations were also computed for both locations, yielding deeper insights into regional atmospheric chemistry. Furthermore, graphical analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between rainfall frequency and particulate loading, corroborating the hypothesis of precipitation-induced atmospheric cleansing. The effectiveness of ANN based and fuzzy logic environmental models are further validated, underscoring their critical role in forecasting pollutant dispersion and facilitating sustainable urban air quality management policies.

Tribal women in India represent a unique socio-economic group marked by cultural richness, resilience, and strong community ties. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the role of tribal women entrepreneurs in rural and semi-urban economies, specially in agriculture, handicrafts, forest produce, and micro-enterprises. This research work critically examines the socio-economic conditions of 115 tribal women entrepreneurs in Ranchi ChhotaNagpur region in Jharkhand state of India by analysing the key indicators such as income levels, education, access to credit and finance, ownership of assets, access to credits and digital media. Based on field studies and interviews of the respondents, government reports, and academic literature, the paper highlights the dynamics in socio-economic status due to their entrepreneurial setups and challenges these women face in navigating structural inequality, financial issues, and institutional gaps. It also concludes with inclusive growth, gendersensitivity, and tribal-centric entrepreneurial ecosystems that uplift not only economic conditions but also social dignity and self-reliance.